Anti -Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)(HRP)

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

Chromosome: 14; NC_000014.8 (81421333..81612646). Location: 14q31

Monoclonal

9.F.67

Mouse

Recognizes hTSH: 100%. No reactivity with LH, HCG, FSH or Prolactin.

Highly Purified
98% No contaminants detected. Single band by SDS-PAGE, IEP, and/or RID.

Purified murine monoclonal hTSH conjugated to horseradish peroxidase, in phosphate buffer.

May be stored at 4 degree C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degree C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.

Small volumes of anti-TSHR antibody vial(s) may occasionally become entrapped in the seal of the product vial during shipment and storage. If necessary, briefly centrifuge the vial on a tabletop centrifuge to dislodge any liquid in the container`s cap. Certain products may require to ship with dry ice and additional dry ice fee may apply.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH or thyrotropin), produced in human pituitary glands, has a molecular mass of 25kD. An Important indicator of thyroid function, TSH is used to monitor thyroid associated diseases. Thyroid-stimulating hormone is a hormone synthesized and secreted by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland which regulates the endocrine function of the thyroid gland. TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete the hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). TSH production is controlled by a Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH), which is manufactured in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland, where it increases TSH production and release. Somatostatin is also produced by the hypothalamus, and has an opposite effect on the pituitary production of TSH, decreasing or inhibiting its release.

The level of Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in the blood have an additional effect on the pituitary release of TSH. When the levels of T3 and T4 are low, the production of TSH is increased, and conversely, when levels of T3 and T4 are high, then TSH production is decreased. This effect creates a regulatory negative feedback loop. TSH is a glycoprotein and consists of two subunits, the alpha and the beta subunit. The alpha subunit is identical to that of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The beta subunit is unique to TSH, and therefore determines its function.
TSH is a member of the cystine knot growth factor superfamily. It is a heterodimer of a 15kD unique subunit, TSH beta, with a 14kD alpha subunit, CGa (common glycoprotein hormone alpha) that is shared with lutropin (LH), follitropin (FSH) and chorionic gonadotropin (CG). Beta subunits of the four glycoprotein hormones share a 37-43% amino acid identity. Mature human TSH beta shares a 92%, 90%, 90%, 89%, 89%, 89%, and 88% aa identity with dog, rat, horse, mouse, cow, pig, and cat TSH b, respectively. Mature human CGa shares a 69%-73% aa identity with dog, rabbit, rat, mouse, cow, sheep, pig, cat and horse CGa. Each subunit forms a cystine knot structure with three disulfide bridges. A loop of the TSH beta subunit, termed a 'seat-belt', wraps around the CGa subunit to stabilize non-covalent association of the subunits, and also confers receptor selectivity.
Structure and charge of the three N-linked carbohydrate chains influence activity; the most complex forms have lower activity but longer halflife. Bovine and porcine TSH bind human TSH receptors (TSHR) with high affinity. The hypothalamic peptide TRH stimulates production and secretion of TSH by thyrotrophs (basophile cells) in the anterior pituitary gland. TSH travels to thyroid TSHR to stimulate production of thyroxine (T4). In the tissues, T4 is converted to the active form of thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3), which completes a feedback loop by inhibiting TSH production. Studies in mouse identify bone marrow as a secondary site of TSH production. In bone, TSH signaling through TSHR on osteoblast and osteoclast precursors negatively regulates skeletal remodeling. Bone marrow cells that produce TSH may also circulate to the thyroid and appear to modulate thyroid hormone activity in times of immunological stress.

Antibodies; Abs to Hormones, Steroids

ELISA (EL/EIA)

Suitable for use in ELISA.

86,830 Da[Similar Products]

thyroid stimulating hormone receptor

thyrotropin receptor; thyrotropin receptor-I, hTSHR-I; seven transmembrane helix receptor; thyroid stimulating hormone receptor, isoform 2

Thyrotropin receptor

LGR3; TSH-R??[Similar Products]

TSHR_HUMAN

The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane protein and a major controller of thyroid cell metabolism. The encoded protein is a receptor for thyrothropin and thyrostimulin, and its activity is mediated by adenylate cyclase. Defects in this gene are a cause of several types of hyperthyroidism. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]

TSHR: Receptor for thyrothropin. Plays a central role in controlling thyroid cell metabolism. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. Also acts as a receptor for thyrostimulin (GPA2+GPB5). Defects in TSHR are found in patients affected by hyperthyroidism with different etiologies. Somatic, constitutively activating TSHR mutations and/or constitutively activating G(s)alpha mutations have been identified in toxic thyroid nodules (TTNs) that are the predominant cause of hyperthyroidism in iodine deficient areas. These mutations lead to TSH independent activation of the cAMP cascade resulting in thyroid growth and hormone production. TSHR mutations are found in autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN), toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG) and hyperfunctioning thyroid adenomas (HTA). TMNG encompasses a spectrum of different clinical entities, ranging from a single hyperfunctioning nodule within an enlarged thyroid, to multiple hyperfunctioning areas scattered throughout the gland. HTA are discrete encapsulated neoplasms characterized by TSH- independent autonomous growth, hypersecretion of thyroid hormones, and TSH suppression. Defects in TSHR are also a cause of thyroid neoplasms (papillary and follicular cancers). Autoantibodies against TSHR are directly responsible for the pathogenesis and hyperthyroidism of Graves disease. Antibody interaction with TSHR results in an uncontrolled receptor stimulation. Defects in TSHR are the cause of congenital hypothyroidism non-goitrous type 1 (CHNG1); also known as congenital hypothyroidism due to TSH resistance. CHNG1 is a non-autoimmune condition characterized by resistance to thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH) leading to increased levels of plasma TSH and low levels of thyroid hormone. CHNG1 presents variable severity depending on the completeness of the defect. Most patients are euthyroid and asymptomatic, with a normal sized thyroid gland. Only a subset of patients develop hypothyroidism and present a hypoplastic thyroid gland. Defects in TSHR are the cause of familial gestational hyperthyroidism (HTFG). HTFG is a condition characterized by abnormally high levels of serum thyroid hormones occurring during early pregnancy. Defects in TSHR are the cause of hyperthyroidism non- autoimmune (HTNA). It is a condition characterized by abnormally high levels of serum thyroid hormones, thyroid hyperplasia, goiter and lack of anti-thyroid antibodies. Typical features of Graves disease such as exophthalmia, myxedema, antibodies anti-TSH receptor and lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland are absent. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. FSH/LSH/TSH subfamily. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: GPCR, family 1; Membrane protein, multi-pass; Receptor, GPCR; Membrane protein, integral

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 14q31

Cellular Component: integral to plasma membrane; plasma membrane; receptor complex

Molecular Function: protein binding; thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor activity

Biological Process: G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger; cell-cell signaling; positive regulation of cell proliferation

Disease: Hyperthyroidism, Nonautoimmune; Hypothyroidism, Congenital, Nongoitrous, 1; Hyperthyroidism, Familial Gestational

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